Cultural Retreat

Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere Troposphere The Troposphere starts at the ground or sea and reaches up to 10 - 12 km height. It is the troposphere where most weather phenomena like cloud formation take place. Physically it is characterized by a continuous decrease of temperature with increasing height. The uppor boundary of the troposphere is called tropopause. The height of the tropopause is very dependent on geographical latitude and season. Troposphere has it's maxmum height in tropical regions. At the polar regions, the tropopause is located at about 8 km height. The troposphere contains about 80 % of the mass of the atmosphere and also contains almost all of water of the atmosphere. In it's lowest layer of about 1 to 2.5 km, the planetray boundary layer (PBL), the influence of Earth's surface causes heavy variances of meteorologic parameters like temprature, wind and humidy. In the higher regions of the tropopause, temperature is about -60 °C. At this he

    Government, as we know it, is a byproduct of environmental scarcity . Like mafia tribes, the governments of the world seek to preserve their current positions of power, while aggressively working to strengthen their economic advantage. As far as social management, all a government can basically do is make laws , establish budgets , and declare wars . They are really monetary system creations. Sadly, due to the very nature of their power, history has become one constant chain of governmental corruption, ranging from the genocidal slaughter of peoples in opposing nations, to the deliberate oppression of a country’s own people in order to maintain the established order. The reason why all governments on the planet are corrupt is because they have to be in this system . Remember, they are no different than corporations, trying to survive in the monetary system. They are all in competition with each other, with periodic “world empires” emerging every couple hundred years or so. (not

S.W. Hawkins    The problem of the origin of the universe, is a bit like the old question: Which came first, the chicken, or the egg. In other words, what agency created the universe. And what created that agency. Or perhaps, the universe, or the agency that created it, existed forever, and didn't need to be created. Up to recently, scientists have tended to shy away from such questions, feeling that they belonged to metaphysics or religion, rather than to science. However, in the last few years, it has emerged that the Laws of Science may hold even at the beginning of the universe. In that case, the universe could be self contained, and determined completely by the Laws of Science. The debate about whether, and how, the universe began, has been going on throughout recorded history. Basically, there were two schools of thought. Many early traditions, and the Jewish, Christian and Islamic religions, held that the universe was created in the fairly recent past. For instance,

Water (70,9% of Earth)    Only 2.5% of the Earth's water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products.     On 22 July 2011, a report described the discovery of a gigantic cloud of water vapor, containing "140 trillion times more water than all of Earth's oceans combined," around a quasar located 12 billion light years from Earth. "Discovery shows that water has been prevalent in the universe for nearly its entire existence."        - Atmosphere of Mercury: 3.4%        - Atmosphere of Venus: 0.002%        - Earth's atmosphere: 0.40% over full atmosphere, typically 1–4% at surface        - Atmosphere of Mars: 0.03%        - Enceladus (moon of Saturn): 91% (political) More than 2.2 million people died in 2000 from

      Human nature was always asking “why”? and not being able to answer why, they found their answer through another factor “who.” The unknown was called, Gods or God. But with the progress of science the “why” became more and more evident, and the question came to be “how”.    There are approximately 291 million Confucianists, or Taoists, 261 million Roman Catholics, 211 million Mohammedans, 209 million Hindus, 177 million Protestants, 157 million Animists, 137 million Buddhists, 115 million Orthodox Christians—to speak only of the most important religions. Each group, and they are rather large groups, believes its theory or its faith to be infallible and all the others to  be false and corrupt.      The majority take the path of least resistance, preferring to have their thinking done for them; they accept ready made individual, private doctrines as their own and follow them more or less blindly.     Religious = a vague and comprehensive term applied to:

    Heterotrop (Heterotrophs) we eat other animals so that is why we are locomotive.    Genetic studies suggest that the functional DNA of modern humans and Neanderthals diverged 500,000 Years ago.    By the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period 50,000 BP [Before Present], full behavioral modernity, including language, music and other cultural universals had developed.    The out of Africa migration is estimated to have occurred about 70,000 years BP. Modern humans subsequently spread to all continents, replacing earlier hominids: they inhabited Eurasia and Oceania by 40,000 years BP, and the Americas at least 14,500 years BP. A popular theory is that they displaced Homo neanderthalensis and other species descended from Homo erectus (which had inhabited Eurasia as early as 2 million years ago) through more successful reproduction and competition for resources.    Until 10,000 years ago, most humans lived as hunter - gatherers. They generally lived in small noma